What is the purpose of a
geotechnical investigation? Determine the depth, depth and thickness of the
subsurface layers to the required depth, determine the depth of the water
level, obtain information about the depth of a rock surface, obtain
characteristics of the rock as to classification, state of change and
variations and obtain data from mechanical parameter of compressibility, shear
strength and permeability for the layers of interest. Is it worth doing? This
investigation is fundamental to start a foundation and later to make a work
feasible.
The Biological
Assessment is divided into the recognition phase, the exploration phase,
the detailing phase, and the monitoring phase. In the reconnaissance phase the
objective is to obtain information about the nature of the local geological
formations and main features of the subsoil, as well as to make an analysis of
the area that is most feasible to do a work, to estimate what kind of
foundation would be necessary and what this cost, quality, safety and
environmental change in the work, also having to choose the most appropriate
methods to do the research.
Factors for geotechnical research
To do the geotechnical
investigation, it is necessary to choose the method that will be used, where we
have a direct and indirect method. The direct method allows direct observation
of the subsoil.
In this way, samples are
collected along drilling or excavation or measurement of soil properties with
direct contact of the probe with the soil. In the indirect method, it is
possible to estimate the geotechnical properties of soils by the measurement of
soil magnitude by remote sensing or geophysical tests.
Schedule.
The initial recognition of the
soil is done visually, the topography of the site must first be observed, and
if there is any slope in the area, its stability should be checked later.
Then check if there is a
possibility of having a landfill, a swamp or a mine of water near the land. It
is also verified if that soil is contaminated, this may be necessary depending
on the use that that soil previously had of its possible execution of the
project.
After that, a check should be
made in the neighborhood and surroundings, such as the types of foundations
that were used, and the state of preservation of neighborhood constructions.
Methods.
In the field trials with respect
to direct methods, we have several types of tests, the main ones being: simple
recognition probing with SPT, CPT in situ Cone Penetration Test, standard test
method for performing the flat plate dilatometer (foreign method) , standard
test method for pre-bored pressure meter testing in soils (foreign method) and
the rehearsal test in situ.
Indirect methods are also field
trials and will be verified through these methods that we call geophysicists.
It is obtained the data in the indirect or geophysical method through
reflection or geophones or refraction or electrical resistivity.
Guidelines.
To proceed with the Biological
Assessment, it is necessary to follow some guidelines,
such as: identifying the purpose of the work and its proportions, the
characteristics of the terrain, experiences and social practices and the cost
and feasibility of the work.
These investigations are of
paramount importance so that those who intend to build do not end up investing
money in the wrong place at the wrong time. For when we talk about experiences
and social practices, we must also analyze whether there have already been
problems with buildings in that terrain, about accidents, such as landslides,
among others.
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